Ukulayisha imithwalo kunye nomthwalo wenqwelomoya yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza. Le asiyonto esihlala siyiqwalasela - kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba inengxaki. Ukulayishwa kunye nokugcinwa kwemithwalo kuyahluka kwinqwelomoya ngenqwelomoya. Kwiinqwelomoya ezincinci, oku kudla ngokwenzeka ngesandla, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa isikhongozeli.
Ukuqokelela imithwalo ukusuka kwindawo yokungena, ukudlula kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya kunye nokukhwela inqwelomoya zizinto ezibalulekileyo zeziseko zesikhululo seenqwelomoya. Zonke izikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezikhulu zisebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yokuphatha imithwalo. Oku kusebenzisa ibhanti lokuhambisa kunye nenkqubo ye-deflector ukuzisa imithwalo ephawulweyo ukusuka kwindawo yokutshekisha ukuya kwindawo yokulayisha okanye yokugcina. Oku kunokwenza iitshekhi zokhuseleko.
Umthwalo ke ugcinwa okanye ulayishwe kwitroli ukuze uhanjiswe yinqwelomoya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ibiyinkqubo yezandla. Kodwa ezinye iinqwelomoya sele ziqalisile ukuthathela ingqalelo i-automation.
IBritish Airways yaqala ulingo lokuhanjiswa kwemithwalo ezenzekelayo kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseHeathrow ekupheleni kuka-2019. Oku kusebenzisa iitroli ezizenzekelayo ukuthutha imithwalo elayishiweyo ngqo ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuphatha imithwalo ukuya kwinqwelomoya. I-ANA iphinde yaqhuba ulingo oluncinci lwenkqubo yemithwalo ezimele ngokupheleleyo ekuqaleni kuka-2020.
I-Flying elula ifunde umbono weerobhothi zokuhlela imithwalo kunye nokulayisha. Oku kunamandla okukhawulezisa ukulayisha kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemithwalo.
Emva kokuba umthwalo uhleliwe kwaye uhanjiswe, kufuneka ulayishwe kwinqwelomoya. Kulapho inkqubo yahluka khona phakathi kweentlobo zeenqwelomoya. Kwinqwelomoya encinci, idla ngokulayishwa ngesandla kwindawo yokugcina impahla yenqwelomoya. Zonke iinqwelomoya zengingqi kunye neenqwelomoya ezinomzimba omxinwa zenza oku. Nangona kunjalo, uthotho lwe-A320 lungasebenzisa izikhongozeli.
Ukulayishwa komthwalo omninzi kubizwa ngokuba “ngumthwalo omninzi”. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa ibhanti lokuhambisa ukuthutha imithwalo kwindawo yomthwalo wenqwelomoya (nangona isenokungafuneki kweyona nqwelo-moya incinci). Emva koko layisha imithwalo kwaye uyigcine ngokukhuselekileyo. Iinethi zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela iibhegi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukwahlula indawo yokugcina imithwalo kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuthintelweyo kwemithwalo ngexesha lokuhamba kubalulekile ekuhanjisweni kobunzima.
Enye indlela yokulayisha isambuku kukusebenzisa izikhongozeli ezibizwa ngokuba yiyunithi yokulayishwa kwesixhobo. Kubalulekile ukukhusela imithwalo kwindawo yempahla yenqwelomoya, enzima kakhulu (kwaye idla ixesha) kwinqwelomoya enkulu. Zonke iinqwelomoya ezinomzimba obanzi (ngamanye amaxesha i-A320) zixhotyiswe ngezikhongozeli. Umthwalo ulayishwe kwangaphambili kwi-ULD efanelekileyo kwaye emva koko ukhuselwe kwindawo yempahla yenqwelomoya.
I-ULD ibonelela ngeesayizi ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo sisikhongozeli se-LD3. Oku kusetyenziselwa zonke iinqwelomoya ze-Airbus widebody kunye ne-Boeing 747, 777 kunye ne-787. Ezinye iikhonteyina zilungiselelwa indawo yokugcina impahla yenqwelomoya yobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kuquka i-747 kunye ne-767.
Kwi-A320, isitya esincitshisiweyo se-LD3 (esibizwa ngokuba yi-LD3-45) sinokusetyenziswa. Oku kunobude obuncitshisiweyo ukulungiselela ukubamba izinto ezincinci. 737 akazisebenzisi izitya.
Indlela yokulayisha imithwalo iyafana naleyo yomthwalo. Zonke iinqwelomoya ezinomzimba obanzi (kunye mhlawumbi ne-A320) zisebenzisa izikhongozeli. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yezikhongozeli ekusebenziseni iimpahla kukukwazi ukulayisha kwangaphambili kunye nokuzigcina. Bakwavumela ukuhanjiswa lula phakathi kwenqwelomoya, njengoko uninzi lwezikhongozeli zinokutshintshwa phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Kubekho iimeko ezinxaxhileyo kwimisebenzi yamva nje yokuthuthwa kwempahla. Ngotshintsho luka-2020 kunye no-2021, ezinye iinqwelomoya ziguqule ngokukhawuleza iinqwelomoya zabakhweli ukuba zithwale imithwalo. Ukusebenzisa ikhabhathi ephambili ukulayisha imithwalo kunceda iinqwelomoya ziqhubeke zibhabha kwaye ziqhelane nokwanda kwemfuno yomthwalo.
Imisebenzi yokuphatha umhlaba kunye nokulayishwa kwemithwalo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya kunye nokuguqulwa kweenqwelomoya. Zive ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya kwizimvo.
Intatheli-uJustin iphantse yafikelela kwiminyaka elishumi yamava kwintsimi yopapasho kwaye inokuqonda okunzulu ngemiba ejongene neenqwelomoya namhlanje. Ngomdla onomdla ekuphuhlisweni kweendlela, iinqwelomoya ezintsha kunye nokunyaniseka, ukuhamba kwakhe ngokubanzi kunye neenqwelo-moya ezifana neBritish Airways kunye neCathay Pacific kuye kwamnika ukuqonda okunzulu kunye nokuthe ngqo kwimiba yoshishino. Ikomkhulu eHong Kong naseDarlington, eUK.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-04-2021